Sharia means "the clear, well-trodden path to water" in Arabic. While it is the religious law of Islam, there are only a handful of countries - such as Saudi Arabia, Sudan and Iran - where all aspects of sharia, including "hudud" punishments such as the cutting of hands and stoning people to death, for criminal offences, are applied.

"The majority of Muslim countries do not implement sharia criminal law at all. The interpretations and applications of sharia vary a lot between different countries," Jamila Hussain, senior lecturer in Islamic Law at the University of Technology, Sydney, said.